TANGERINE DREAM

Biografie

12 (2000) If the term 'Berlin School' is used in the music scene, a musical style is being referred to which has influenced electronic music up to the present day. Apart from Klaus Schulze it was Tangerine Dream in particular who coined this term with their very experimental sound at the beginning of the 70's. Tangerine Dream is strongly associated with the name Edgar Froese. If the band created by Edgar in 1967 consisted of several musicians for more than 20 years, who were all involved in the composition of the tracks, then since the start of the 90's Tangerine Dream has become a purely family project, into which Edgar and Jerome Froese bring only guest musicians to support them. But let's start at the beginning. Edgar Froese was born on 06.06.1944 in Tilsit. In his early childhood years he had already learned to play the piano. He studied drawing and painting at the 'Berlin Academy of Arts' for four years. There he also created his first group in 1962, in which he played guitar. However he never intended to make a living by playing music. Later his artistic training helped him with the design of the record covers, assisited by his wife. On many older records Edgar included pictures of his son Jerome (usually very much hidden) on the record cover. As for his interest in the arts, he was fascinated by Salvadore Dali's work as well as the works of Picasso and the French surrealists of the 20's. Writers such as Henry Miller and Walt Whitman likewise inspired him. Edgar became acquainted with Salvadore Dali personally and in 1967 accepted an invitation to give several private concerts in Dali's mansion. Several artists from the London and Paris subculture met at "happening afternoons" in the Spanish port of Lligat. The presentations, which were a mixture of music, literature and painting, might be called an early form of Multimedia presentation. Highlights of these meetings were Dali's attempts to play Satie on a piano which was set up in the waist-deep sea water; or the ballet dancers, who danced to the music of Debussy on enormous egg shells floating on the water. In July 1967 he composed the music for the inauguration of Dali's Christ statue, a scultpure made of rainbarrels, bicycles and metal. The musicians who worked with Edgar on this project nevertheless misunderstood the sense of his actions and so Edgar went back to Berlin again. There in 1967 he tried to find musicians who were as interested as he was in making music which did not sound like Rock music, German "Schlager" or American Top 40 chart songs. However most musicians found the concept of transferring visual arts into music uninteresting. In the 'Cafe Zodiac' they played their "night concerts" as they called them at the time. They were above all loud. At the time Edgar Froese had the nickname "the Viking", due to his Nordic appearance. With the band called 'The Ones', which he had already created in 1965, he released a single with the title 'Lady Greengrass' in 1967. On this track the lyrics go: "The trees turn tangerine, the sky is suddenly green....". The band played Rhythm & Blues and Rock 'n Roll tracks. Edgar, the multi-instrumentalist, was a fan of Jimi Hendrix and Pink Floyd. He formed Tangerine Dream in September 1967. Tangerine is the name of a reddish-yellow sort of Mandarine grown in Florida. Whether the band's name is from a line of the single 'Lady Greengrass' or from some other source has, and probably will, remain a mystery. Edgar searched for quite a while for appropriate musicians and tried out different band formations, only resulting in frustration for him, since the opinions of the musicians were too different to his own. One of first official line-ups was: Volker Hombach (saxophone, flute, violin), Lanse Hapshash (drums), Kurt Herkenberg (bass) and Edgar Froese (guitar). The singer Charlie Prince was also temporarily in the band. The first concert of "'Underground Music' as it was called at the time" (Froese), was given by Tangerine Dream in January 1968 in the refectory of the Technical University of Berlin. A further concert took place in the 'Creamcheese' club in Dusseldorf, which the 'Rheinische Post' reviewed with the words "The exotically-named Tangerine Dream played modern pop music, called 'Psychedelic Rock'". During this concert Edgar & co. met a musician who replaced the regular bassist, who had left for reasons of illness. He joined them without knowing anything about their music. Since they did not have enough time to teach him the tracks, they played with him without knowing his playing style. On 26.09.1968 Tangerine Dream as well as Amon Duul and Guru Guru performed at an event which had the slogan "Germany awakes. Pop music from Germany". Three days later they appeared in the "International Essener Song Days Festival" in the Grugahalle, with Frank Zappa also on stage. In the spring of 1969 Edgar dissolved the band and played occasionally for about 6 months in session bands. In 1969 Edgar met Klaus Schulze, who played drums at the time with the band Psy Free. Klaus wanted to express experimental music with his drums. Edgar and Klaus looked a further musician up, whom they found in Conrad Schnitzler, a student of the object and performing artist Joseph Beuys. Conrad was likewise on a rather unorthodox journey in the arts. With this line-up some music developed during a session in a private private studio, which came out in the year 1970 under the title 'Electronic Meditation'. The material was not originally intended for release. The sound technician who had helped them with the recording went to the Meisel publishing house with the tapes (the Ohr label, managed by Rolf Ulrich and Peter Meisel). The band was amazed that the stuff was accepted and a recording contract was offered to them. The record was then released with some additional post recording - Edgar later played some guitar and organ parts. No electronic keyboard instruments were used in the production apart from a Farfisa organ. In 1970 Klaus Schulze and Conrad Schnitzler had already left the band. Klaus went to Ash Ra Temple (with Manuel Goettsching and Hartmut Enke) and began a solo career in 1971, which made him world-famous. Conrad formed the bands 'Eruption' and 'Cluster'. Christopher Franke, with whom Edgar became acquainted in Berlin and who had already been interested in electronic music for a long time, came to Tangerine Dream from Agitation Free at the age of 17. Christopher, who was born in 06.04.1953 in Berlin, studied classical music and composition at the Berlin conservatoire. He was influenced just like Edgar by composers such as John Cage and Karl-Heinz Stockhausen as well as the painter Salvatore Dali. In a Berlin music school Christopher built a studio together with Swiss avant-garde musician and composer Thomas Kessler. Christopher brought new life into the band's music. The new Trio was completed by the organist Steve Schroyder. Tangerine Dream gave one of their most unusual concerts in October 1970 in the Austrian city of Kapfenberg. They appeared on stage with six pinball machines, which they had attached to amplifiers. They attached individual microphones to each machine and improvised their meditative music. The concert was broadcast on Austrian television at the time. Their first single entitled 'Ultima Thule' appeared in 1971 on the Ohr label. On it are the tracks Ultima Thule part 1 and Ultima Thule part 2. This record is today a very sought-after collectors item. Part 1 of the single appeared on the album 'Antique Dreams' in the year 2000 on CD. The lineup Froese / Franke / Schroyder recorded the LP Alpha Centauri in 1971, whose title is taken from a single star in the Alpha Centauri system, which is approximately 4.3 light-years away from Earth (and is the closest star to the sun incidentally). Apart from the three regular musicians, the following made contributions: Udo Dennebourg on flute and Roland Paulyck (their Road Manager at that time) on Synthesizer. The latter two were only guest musicians however. In contrast to the debut LP (where only three short and two long tracks appeared, two of which are only barely longer than 10 minutes), with Alpha Centauri they start to release long titles. The b-side consisted of the 22 minute title track only. Alpha Centauri resulted from listening to various works by the electronic composer Gyoergy Ligeti. At the time the term 'cosmos' emerged in connection with their music, which would later become the synonym 'Cosmic Music'. The record company used this cliché from then on for other groups on the label. The term "cosmic couriers" was also coined at the time. Alpha Centauri introduced Tangerine Dream to America, France and Japan. In the pop polls of the magazine 'Sounds' in 1971/72 Alpha Centauri was voted as the "long playing record of the year". Steve Schroyder left the group in 1971 due to personal problems and was replaced by Berlin citizen Peter Baumann (born 29/1/1953), who began his musical career in 1968 as an organist with the amateur band Burning Touch. With this addition the first stable line-up was formed. It would exist for approximately six years. Edgar later mentioned that Tangerine Dream probably developed the most musically after Peter's entrance. In June 1971 the jazz pianist Friedrich Gulda invited Tangerine Dream as the only 'Rock group' to the Ossiach world music Festival in Austria. Here they performed a legendary concert. In the same year they wrote the film music for the WDR television production 'Vampira'. The group moved away from its completely traditional equipment, in order not to be tempted to use it further. With small devices like for example a sine-wave generator, they began to develop sounds. They wanted to question things in music and sound, therefore they used these electronic devices and customised them to create sounds. The tone positions selected by them were more highly registered than a violin and deeper than a bass. It wasn't intended to sound pleasant. Up to then no-one had tried to make music with these devices, which was not composed but was experimental and improvised. With this work nothing was foreseeable. When financial success began, they defined themselves as the "best paid practising band in the world". At concerts they were paid practically for the fact that the spectators were allowed to watch them practicing and experimenting! Whilst on the first two albums Tangerine Dream used conventional instruments and electronic effects, now they used a synthesizer, which they had bought a year earlier, which appeared intensively for the first time on the 1972 double LP 'Zeit'. Their synthesizer was financed by selling the majority of their instruments. Besides Edgar, Christopher and Peter Florian Fricke (of Popol Vuh) on synthesizer, Steve Schroyder participated on the organ as well as Christian Vallbracht, Jochen Grumbcow, Hans Joachim Bruene and Johannes Lücke on the cello as guest musicians. The long tracks which started on 'Alpha Centauri' continued with 'Zeit'. The double LP consisted of a Largo in four movements or acts. On each side of the LP there is a track whose length is between 18 and 20 minutes. The newspaper "Die Zeit" reviewed the record at that time as "meaningless endless cosmic patterns", while the fans voted "Zeit" as "long playing recording of the year" in the pop poll of the magazine 'Sounds'. In October 1972 Tangerine Dream broke the record by playing the shortest concert of their career. It lasted only 15 minutes. The line-up Froese, Franke, Baumann performed in Bayreuth (known for its festivals). They had just begun experimenting with "self-built electronic toys", instead of playing with their normal instruments - guitar, bass, and drums. They had been hired as the support act for a Bluesband. Shortly after they began their performance, cans of juice, apples and other things landed on the stage. After approximately 15 minutes the noise the audience was making was louder than Tangerine Dream's music. The group had to thereupon leave the stage. Another concert represented a high point, which took place on 15 February 1973 in the Theatre 'Parisien l'Ouest' in Paris along with Ashra Tempel and Klaus Schulze. Their success was tremendous. 500 visitors had to be sent home, since the hall was completely sold out. Due to the overcrowded hall the fire brigade tried to stop the Tangerine Dream concert, which began this event, according to 'Sounds' "with a fantastic-sounding picture world, with sounds that flow along gently, interspersed here and there with atmospheric disturbances such as simulated thunderstorm and rain". They decided to continue the Festival nevertheless. They released their 4th LP 'Atem' in 1973, which they recorded as a trio. New musical experiences were created on this record, on which a quadrophonic recording technique made changes to the instrumental sounds possible. While the German press did not react favourably to this record, it found wider acceptance in Britain. This was due above all to the English DJ John Peel (a living legend at that time in the radio world), who made the record his "record of the year" on his BBC playlist. This caught the attention of Richard Branson, founder of the Virgin record company. Due to differences with the Ohr label, which had to be settled in court, and the fact that they received more attention abroad than in Germany (here again the proverb of the Prophet who does not count in his own country fits perfectly) they signed a recording contract with Virgin in December 1973. Rolling Stone wrote in addition in 1996: "Mick Jagger had to sell a devilish thing which brought him no satisfaction: a Moog Synthesizer". "Peter Meisel, with whom we were before court, bought this monster from the Stones' management ", said Edgar Froese. "A heap of cables and scrap iron. No-one knew how to use the thing. But Chris had a soft spot for it. When the first sounds emerged, we went crazy. Meisel said: "Can we produce hits with this thing?" and we said: "No, you sell it to us". Thus we got hold of our first Moog". About those times Edgar said in 'Musik Express': 'when we bought this first synth, we first of all had to learn how to decode the technical terms, there was no translation/instruction manual, nothing at all" In 1973 Peter Baumann left the group for a short time. Edgar and Christopher went into the Berlin Skyline studio with new material. However the results of this work didn't appear until 1986 on the album 'Green Desert'. The first release on the Virgin label was Phaedra in 1974. The LP title was taken from Greek mythology. Some theatre plays about the tragic love story concerning the daughter of Minos and the sister of Ariadne developed in the course of time. The album went into the British Top 20, which was to due also to the excellent PR work of the label. On it the synthesizer, contrary to the previous releases, comes more to the fore. Rolling Stone mentioned in addition: "it is an amazing record with the most effective results with the synthesizer and Mellotron today; it could become the most unusual record of the year". With this record Tangerine Dream broke away completely from structures reminiscent of Pink Floyd. The sound patterns built themselves up slowly and blended themselves into one another. Another term for their music was appearing. They spoke of 'Acoustic LSD'. Their music let the thoughts of the listeners drift away , which was perhaps only possible at the time with the consumption of LSD. Whether those who created the term meant that they could only stand the music under the influence of drugs is unknown, but on the positive side their music turns you into an addict. The first concert in an English-speaking country took place on 16.06.1974 at London's Victoria Palace. 'Music Week' compared their music to "a constantly flowing river, which meanders here and there around gentle curves". In the middle of the year Edgar Froese's first Solo LP 'Aqua' appeared on the German rock label Brain. It was recorded using the 'Artificial Head System' which was developed by Günther Brunschen. For the Chichester Festival Theatre TD performed the accompanying music score for "Oedipus Tyrannus" with Keith Mitchell as Producer. The New Musical Express reported however that "the combination of classical tragedy and timeless Krautrockers did not work". In the year 2000 a 5 and a half minute version of the Overture to this play appeared on the CD 'Antique Dreams'. A three-week tour followed in Great Britain in the autumn of 1974, on which their music was visually supported for the first time by a so-called 'Video Synthesizer'. The press called their concerts 'fascinating experiences' and the pop poll of the Melody Maker ranked them among "the most promising bands in the world". The distinguishing feature of their concerts at the time was that they mainly consisted of improvisations. They had set themselves the standard to never play the same piece twice. In December 1974 they performed at the Reims Cathedral. Both the music and the cathedral, which offered a suitable backdrop with its Gothic architecture to the flowing, floating sequences, made this concert an incomparable event. Tangerine Dream appeared in churches thereafter several times, without identifying themselves with the conservative church structures. Briefly before a tour, which took the band to Australia and New Zealand in the spring of 1975 and brought along with it their first gold record, Michael Hoenig (born 04.01.1952) replaced Peter Baumann. Peter had left the band in January 1975 overnight for a car trip through Asia. Michael was known to the band, since he was, like Christopher Franke, a pupil of the Berlin avant-garde composer Thomas Kessler. He studied sociology, journalism and theatrical science. At the end of of 1971 he became a member of the progressive Berlin rock band Agitation Free, in which Christopher had already played. He also worked with Klaus Schulze. After finishing the tour and following a concert on 02.04.1975 in London's Royal Albert Hall in front of 6000 people, Michael left the band again. A curiousity mentioned in passing: Tangerine Dream had to pay a 2000 Pound fine for this concert to the British musician's union in compensation to three chamber orchestras, which they had allegedly made 'redundant' with their Mellotron! The mid 70's was probably Tangerine Dream's most creative time. One reason was surely the stable line-up who managed to play together as a group over a long period of time, and also the ability to gain control of their instruments. Edgar used less guitar and also sat behind a synthesizer. Peter was re-accepted into the band by Edgar and Christopher after the return from his trip. In 1975 the album Rubycon was released, again with the line-up Froese / Franke / Baumann. The critics' reactions were again controversial, while some labelled Rubycon as being unmelodic others recognized 'so far undiscovered worlds'. Edgar's second solo work 'Epsilon in Malaysian Pale' developed under the influence of an Asian trip. The record also appeared in 1975. "It is as if one steps from the eternal darkness of the jungle into the strong sunlight of a beach - from the dreams of the night into the reality of the day" (Melody Maker). In the course of time Tangerine Dream performed several concerts, which brought them more popularity and acceptance. Particularly of note was the appearance in front of 14,000 people at the 'Orange Festival '75' in a Roman Amphitheater and their appearance at the "Fête de l'Humanité" in France in front of 30,000 listeners as well as the concert in England in York Minster (during their 16-venue British tour in October 1975), which according to Melody Maker ranked among "the concert highlights of the year 1975". In the same year they played at the German museum in Munich. This concert received more attention from the German critics. The German newspaper 'Süddeutsche Zeitung' ranked them among the " trendsetters of future music". The Music Express wrote about their concerts: "for their concerts Tangerine Dream have found an effective, mythic form. The three musicians came into the darkened hall or church, stayed silent on the stage, sat down behind several square meters of large synthesizer banks decorated with rows of control lights, pushed a few switches, turned a few knobs and started releasing their cosmic sounds. At the end they switched back the knobs, pushed the switches in the opposite direction and left the stage". Live TD music could be heard for the first time on the album Ricochet at the end of 1975. On the record are the tracks Ricochet part one and Ricochet part two, which were recorded during their '75 tour in France and England. While the record again did not meet with the approval of the press in Germany, it was praised abroad. New Musical Express called it " one of the most beautiful albums of the year". The year 1976 began again with concerts in France and the first appearances in Spain. They also toured Britain again in the summer. Edgar Froese released his third Solo LP under the title 'Macula Transfer'. The titles of the individual pieces seem very strange, since they are named after flight numbers such as Quantas 611 or OS 452. In 1976 Christopher Franke built himself his own recording studio in what had originally been a ballroom in 1902. The building had also been used as a cinema, a discotheque and a warehouse before Christopher acquired it. It offered enough space for all the band's equipment as well as for an approximately 50-piece orchestra. Several Tangerine Dream albums and soundtracks developed in this studio in subsequent years. Tour sets were likewise composed or rehearsed there. The next LP from Tangerine Dream appeared in 1976. It was called 'Stratosfear'. The pieces were getting shorter again and didn't occupy a whole LP side, but had a maximum length of not more than 11 minutes. The first signs that Tangerine Dream was becoming more rhythmic are to be found in the title track of this album. On the subsequent European tour from 20 October to 01 December 1976 in Germany, Spain, France, Switzerland and England they presented their latest work with 31 live concerts. They offered their audience only a small amount of visual entertainment during these concerts. They sat almost immobile behind their large banks of synthesizers. Edgar: "With our music the identification does not necessarily take place with the people who are causing it, it's a feedback which everyone has inside of himelf. The listeners could give free rein to their own thoughts". On 29.03.1977 TD started their first USA tour by giving 16 concerts. Also in the luggage they had for the first time the "Laserium Light Show", which at that time offered spectacular lighting effects. The laser was very reliable, however it required constant water cooling due to heat build-up. The expense was very high, since in the USA a large number of safety regulations had to be fulfilled. In 1977 Tangerine Dream attracted the attention of American director William Friedkin, who had already become world-famous with films such as 'The French Connection' with Gene Hackman and 'The Exorcist'. The band was hired to compose the soundtrack for his remake of the classic film 'Sorcerer' (German title: 'Lohn der Angst/Atemlos vor Angst), in which a small group of men have to transport highly explosive material by truck through difficult jungle conditions. Their first Hollywood production was also the most unusual. Tangerine Dream received the script to Sorcerer dispatched directly from America and composed the music, before the first scene was filmed. Six weeks after receipt of the script they met Friedkin in a Parisian hotel. They acquired themselves two loudspeakers and a tape recorder and played Friedkin the demo compositions. He was enthusiastic and later filmed some scenes with the already recorded music in the background, which was unusual for the film industry. Unfortunately the film was not very successful. That was also because of the fact that one week before its premiere the box office hit 'Star Wars' by George Lucas came out in the cinemas. A further reason is surely the fact that the film was heavily edited. This certainly wasn't the intention of the band, since they had accompanied the film from the beginning. Friedkin, who likewise did not agree likewise with the final product, walked out approximately three weeks before termination of the project and dissociated himself from the film. Tangerine Dream traveled to the world premiere on 24.07.1977 in Hollywood. With their soundtrack they reached the Top 20 of the British Charts again. After a USA tour in August 1977 Tangerine Dream released the double LP 'Encore'. It contains references to the spring tour in North America. This album shows that they never play a piece twice, these recordings have nothing in common with albums like 'Stratosfear' or 'Sorcerer'. The 'Cash Box' called the record "a classic in its own genre". The titles 'Coldwater Canyon' and 'Cherokee Lane' are taken from road names in California, where Tangerine Dream lived for a while in 1977 whilst in Hollywood Hills. At the end of of 1977 a further split in the band's history took place. Peter Baumann left the group after approximately six and a half years due to artistic differences of opinion as well as personal problems. He dedicated himself from then on to his solo projects. He commentated on his departure by saying "on the one hand it is almost impossible that each group member develops in the same way for six years. On the other hand everyone is an egomaniac to the extent that he would like to carry out his own ideas." His first solo album appeared in 1977 under the title 'Romance '76', which got a good reaction from the critics (Melody Maker: "excellent solo debut"). He created his own Paragon Studios in Berlin, in which he produced (among other other artists) records by Cluster, Joachim Roedelius and Conrad Schnitzler. After the release of 'Trans Harmonic Nights' he moved to New York, "to start again from the beginning". In 1980 Peter sold his Berlin studio, moved to the USA and founded his Private Music label, on which 5 Tangerine Dream albums were released during the late 80's. In 1983 he released his last solo album. Peter Baumann sold his Private Music label in 1994, on which other artists besides Tangerine Dream such as Suzanne Ciani, Yanni and Eddie Jobson also brought out their releases. Since then he has no longer been active in the music industry. The remaining Froese and Franke tried a daring experiment with the next Tangerine Dream project. They recruited the English multi-instrumentalist Steve Joliffe (vocals, flute, piano, synthesizer), who had previously played with the Blues/Rock band Steamhammer. The Berlin drummer and percussionist Klaus Krieger was accepted into the band as a further member. At first the quartet seemed confident and wanted to bring more variety into their music through their line-up. From this co-operation developed the album Cyclone in 1978, which is unusual for Tangerine Dream. The first side of the LP consists of two tracks which could be described as "Tangerine Dream meets Krautrock". One wouldn't believe that it is Tangerine Dream playing, particularly because of the vocals as well as the guitar and drums . The second side consists of a longer, 20+ minute track, which still contains well-known elements, however with the use of flute and other sounds it is unusual for Tangerine Dream. The attempt to create a new sorrounding for TD's flowing synthesizer sounds was described by Edgar years later as "a failed experiment, this was the ultimate mistake in the miracle bag of all possibilities". The audience for the extended tour in February/March of 1978 did not give the desired feedback due to the unusual instrumentation for Tangerine Dream and the use of vocals. Steve Joliffe therefore left the group. Also in 1978 Edgar's fourth solo album 'Ages' appeared. The line-up was again reduced to the duo Froese / Franke formation who regained their creative power of older days, and in 1979 the outstanding album 'Force Majeure' was released. With this LP they had success again. The name Klaus Krieger still appears on the cover, however he only had the status of a session musician, who this time used his drums more subtly and sconsiderately. Another guest musician called Edvard Meyer could be heard on the cello. The highlight of this album is the brilliant over 18 minute title track. Between 17 March and 10 April 1979 they went on a German tour, on which they give altogether eight concerts (NOT TRUE!! ALL THESE CONCERTS WERE CANCELLED!!). In the same year Edgar's fifth solo work 'Stuntman' appeared. Froese and Franke wanted to work again with the successful three-keyboard line-up. So they started looking for someone who had a different musical background to them and who was a trained pianist. They found him in the organist Johannes Schmoelling, born in 1950. Johannes had already started piano lessons at the age of eight and began to play the church organ at the age of twelve. At 14 he was already the organist in a catholic church in Delmenhorst. After finishing the Abitur school examination in 1972,he started a sound master study at the university of the arts in Berlin. After his studies finished in 1978 he began to concern himself with electronics. During his first job as a theatre sound technician at the 'Schaubühne' in Berlin he learned to work with sounds, noises, environments and light. In the 70's Johannes played in a few Berlin music groups. A sound engineer recommended him. Edgar turned up at the theatre and asked if Johannes wanted to join Tangerine Dream. Johannes, who did not know what Tangerine Dream was at the time and who wasn't that interested in that kind of music (because he came from anouther musical background), accepted Edgar's offer to join the band. This came at the right time because he intended to quit his job at the theatre to become a fulltime musician. With the new Trio Froese / Franke / Schmoelling a more constant line-up was again formed. On 31.01.1980 Tangerine Dream appeared in East Germany as one of the first German 'Rock bands' at the time. Their appearance in the Palast der Repbulik which was broadcast by East German radio, was however for long time only available in the west as an import LP under the title 'Quichotte' or as the bootleg 'Staatsgrenze West'. Virgin then brought out this album officially in 1986 as 'Pergamon'. The East German magazine 'Melodie & Rhythmus' described the music as "endlessly tiring, improvised compositional sketches". The audience however was thrilled. The end of of 1979 saw the trio's first compositions in Christopher's studio. This work appeared in 1980 under the title 'Tangram'. The album did not receive good reviews. The magazine 'New Musical Express' spoke of "synthesizer junk" and the 'Musik Express' was of the opinion that "the sound patterns are starting to exhaust themselves". Johannes described the work at the time in an interview with the magazine 'Planet E' in 1994 as follows: "in the first few years it was absolute teamwork. We composed and worked on 'Tangram' as a trio. But because Christoph had his roots as a drummer he was the best man for all kinds rhythmic, thus the rhythmic patterns fitted in with the sound very well. That was certainly Christoph's achievement, but the same could be said about Edgar. He perhaps had a more melodic approach and I played some piano parts or something else. But a so-called division of power did not exist. Each of us who had an idea presented it to the others or made suggestions about how his idea could be integrated into the music. If several people plan to be a team and want to elaborate something together the result can only be fruitful, if all are more or less different. I believe the secret as to why we made quite good stuff for six or seven years was perhaps exactly that, that we complemented each other, because everyone had his own area but nevertheless it fitted well together. We had always a creative exchange within Tangerine Dream and in this way everyone learned from each other. One could say that our music was a constructional compromise". The new musician Schmoelling was examined closely by the audience during the live concerts on their extensive European tour from 11 October to 15 November 1980, with altogether 26 appearances, 5 of which were in Germany. He was received well by the spectators because he did not sit behind huge banks of instuments, but rather as a piano player on the stage. At that time during live concerts Tangerine Dream operated with pre-programmed sequences and harmonic schemes. There were also tracks in which the pre-programmed sequence stopped and where the musicians had agreed to play improvisational sound collages for a few minutes. There was still room for improvisation during live concerts. At the end of of 1980 they released a 4-LP box set called'70-'80', which represented a compilation of their twelve albums to date. The German "Musik Express" praised it by saying that it was "proof of ten years of continuously flowing creativity by the group". At the beginning of 1981 their second soundtrack album was released. It was for the film 'Thief' (in German 'Der Einzelgänger') with Michael Mann as Director and James Caan in the leading role. The work on the soundtrack operated in such a way that TD picked out the scenes which were appropriate for them. Each then compiled the music sequences for the film independently in his own studio. The band had already been previously involved in the pre-production of the film. The negotiations mostly began when the raw cuts were already finished. Following this they received a tape which had music and dialogue tracks. They laid out a concept and determined where text was required and where accompanying music and where a song should be used. This took about two or three weeks and afterwards the film Director and the Music Editor flew in to see the results. "Probably the best album they have ever made" (according to 'Melody Maker') appeared in the autumn of 1981 under the title 'Exit'. On this album are six shorter pieces with track lengths not more than 9 minutes. The Director James Glickenhaus tried to create a tougher counterpart to James Bond with the film 'Codename: The Soldier', which came out in 1982 under the title of 'Der Söldner' in German cinemas. Tangerine Dream supplied the soundtrack to this film which until now hasn't been released on album. The film, in which the leading actor Ken Wahl played alongside Klaus Kinski, failed at the box office. From 20 January to 12 February 1981 Tangerine Dream completed a European tour with 17 concerts, of which nine took place in Germany. As well as this they went on a British tour from 15 to 29 October 1981, on which they gave 17 concerts. However the most notable live high-point in 1981 was particularly the open air concert on 29 August 1981, which they gave in front of approximately 70,000 spectators at Berlin's Reichstag building. On 9 December 1981 they took part in the "Rock-Klassik-Nacht" in the Münich Crown Circus (Münchner Zirkus Krone), which was produced by Eberhard Schoener. At the beginning of 1982 Tangerine Dream toured Australia. The title song (to the German crime series 'Tatort' with Schimanski in the leading role) 'Das Mädchen auf der Treppe' ('The Girl on the Stairs'), which came out as a single in the the same year, represents their biggest commercial success to date. Similarly in later years the popularity of the Schimanski crime series brought 'traditional' electronic music to a larger audience with the combination of Henry Maske (a German boxer) and Vangelis with 'Conquest of Paradise'. Tangerine Dream never wanted to be commercial, therefore this hit, which went into the Top 20, was regarded by them as an accident. The Music Express wrote in addition: "Tangerine Dream actually reject the urge to have a hit or at best incorporate them into their ten or twenty minute flowing tracks". "This hit single success in summer '82 was an unexpected accident, no reason for a radical change of stlye", said Edgar Froese. "We finished this television single in three hours. It does not have anything to do with our musical ambitions." The album 'White Eagle' appeared in 1982. The first side of this LP is taken up by the 20 minute track 'Mojave Plan', which describes a drive through the Mojave Desert. While the press in Europe judged the work rather negatively as "a vacuum" (New Musical Express), on the other side of the Atlantic they swarmed and described it as a "music which is mentally, sensuallly and emotionally demanding" ('Down Beat'). In this year Edgar Froese wrote the soundtrack to the Wolf Gremm film 'Kamikaze 1989' and released it under his own name on Virgin. The German film, in which the German Director Rainer Werner Fassbinder could be seen in the leading role for the first time, was taken from the novel "Murder in the 31st Floor" by the Swedish writer Per Wahlö. In June 1982 Fassbinder died suddenly, so this film represented his last cinematic work at the same time. The concerts which Tangerine Dream gave during their European tour in Germany were the last ones for the next 14 years where the German fans could see them in their own country (with the exception of a few one-off appearances). On this tour Tangerine Dream played in London's Dominion Theatre on 6 November 1982. This appearance was recorded and appeared in 1983 as the LP 'Logos Live'. A further solo work by Edgar was released in 1983. The record 'Pinnacles' was described by the 'Musik Szene' as "a work which doesn't distinguish itself by loudness, but rather by the intensity of the moods and atmospheres" The next record Tangerine Dream released was the album 'Hyperborea'. On 11 June 1983 Tangerine Dream gave a 35-minute performance as part of the "Fassbinder Hommage " in memory of the innovative Director Rainer Werner Fassbinder in Frankfurt's Alte Oper. Between 23 and 28 June 1983 TD gave concerts in four Japanese cities. They composed the title tune for a further Schimanski-Tatort episode. The episode was called 'Miriam' and the music was released as a single under the title 'Daydream'. The soundtrack to the science fiction film 'Wavelength' (unknown in Germany), Directed by Mike Gray, appeared in the year 1983. The record contains 16 tracks with a total length of barely 39 minutes. Another film they wrote the music for was 'The Keep', which appeared in Germany as a video premiere under the title 'Die unheimliche Macht'. One of the leading actors is the German Juergen Prochnow. The track 'Gloria' is a Tangerine Dream re-recording of an approximately 250 year old composition by Thomas Tallis, who was banished by the church authorities at the time, because he went against their doctrines. The soundtrack appeared in 1997 as a limited edition on the TDI label which was sold during TD's UK 1997 tour. A second version was likewise brought out as a part of the 'Millennium booster' as a limited edition with a different cover by TDI at the end of 1999. In the winter of 1983 Tangerine Dream started a tour, which led them again to the former GDR and to Poland. The Polish tour will probably always be remembered by all those that were involved in it as an adventurous "jungle expedition" . Apart from power cuts and truck breakdowns Tangerine Dream also had to combat icy temperatures. In the Warsaw Ice stadium where the concerts took place, it was minus 5 degrees Celsius. Edgar, Christopher and Johannes played the concert in woollen gloves with cut-off fingertips, in order to feel the keys. The electronic instruments often failed in the cold weather and did not always give the desired results. The Roadies ran around with cans filled with hot water, so the musicians could briefly warm up their hands. The concert was interrupted 5 times by power cuts in the stadium. A 2 metre layer of snow covered the glass roof, which threatened to collapse. Nobody would ever forget this gig. On the basis of the very much relaxed musical atmosphere nobody would imagine that the conditions were so catastrophic. The 10 December 1983 concert which took place in Warsaw was brought out as double LP in 1984 with the title 'Poland'. This album represented their first production on the Jive Electro label, to which they changed on the cessation of their Virgin contract which had expired. Tangerine Dream reduced the number of live appearances and increased their activity in the area of film music. Thus several soundtracks developed in the future. In 1983 the soundtrack to the teenage comedy 'Risky Business' (German title 'Lockere Geschäfte', literally 'Loose Business') (Directed by Director Paul Brickman) appeared, which made the leading actor Tom Cruise world famous. It wasn't a purely Tangerine Dream soundtrack, since they contributed only five tracks. Apart from their music there are tracks by Phil Collins, Journey, Prince, Jeff Beck, Bob Seger and Muddy Waters on the record. A further soundtrack appeared in 1984, the film music to the Stephen King film 'Firestarter' (German title: 'Der Feuerteufel', literally 'The Fire Devil'). In this horror film directed by Director Mark L. Lester the young Drew Barrymore plays the leading role, after her worldwide success in E.T. They also composed the music for the film 'Flashpoint' (German title: 'Die Grenzwölfe', literally 'The Border Wolves') with Kris Kristofferson and Treat Williams. The record appeared in 1984 both as a normal vinyl record and also as a picture disc. The tracks on the record are played by Tangerine Dream with the exception of the title track 'Flashpoint', sung by a group called 'The Gems'. Two more soundtracks appeared in 1985. The first was for Bobby Roth's film 'Heartbreakers' with Peter Coyote and Nick Mancuso and secondly Tangerine Dream supplied the soundtrack music for the fantasy film Legend, directed by Ridley Scott ('Bladerunner', 'Alien'). Tom Cruise appeared in the leading role. Two songs appear on the record alongside the other instrumental tracks, the first being 'Is the Your Love Strong Enough' by Bryan Ferry ('Roxy Music'), the other 'Loved By The Sun' by Jon Anderson ('Yes'). For this reason the album has become a collector's item among fans of these two musicians. Out of print for a long time, the CD finally came out in 1995. Originally the music score by the well-known composer Jerry Goldsmith was planned to be used in the film. Since the Producers thought it was not modern enough however, they approached Tangerine Dream. Edgar flew to London and watched the film version with the music of Jerry Goldsmith. In an interview Froese said about it: " I was absolutely inspired by the soundtrack. The fact that someone's whose music we like very much, someone we look up to and respect should be replaced with something else which would top Goldsmith's music, was a very heavy responsibility. That was a very hard and instructive experience." Since the target audience of the film was teenagers, those responsible wanted "smashy" music. Ridley Scott did not see this in such a way however. He had higher expectations for the film and therefore wanted to see his expectations fulfilled. Also due to opposing views between the Producer and Director 'Legend' would became one of the most time-consuming film works of Tangerine Dream. They worked on the music for almost 6 weeks in the studio. In the long run Ridley Scott was very happy with the result. Next they released the album 'Le Parc', on which they dedicated the individual tracks to the most beautiful parks in the world. Accordingly the nine titles also carry the names of these parks, among them the zoo in Berlin, New York's Central Park and Hyde Park in London. The track titled 'Le Parc' subtitled 'L.A. Streethawk' served as the theme tune for the American action series 'Streethawk' and was also brought out as a single under this title. On the last track on the record, Yellowstone Park, background vocals can be heard. They were contributed by Clare Torry, who had already recorded the vocals on 'The Great Gig in The Sky' from the legendary '73 album 'Dark Side of The Moon' by Pink Floyd. October 1985 brought about a major change in Tangerine Dream. They had written a lot of film music lately besides the frequent live appearances, since they were very much in demand in the film business. Resulting problems with the huge amount of work led to the fact that Johannes Schmoelling suffered under time pressure. He decided to take a break and left the group. After his departure Johannes dedicated himself to his own projects. His first much acclaimed solo album appeared at the end of of 1986 / at the beginning of of 1987 on the German label Erdenklang with the title 'Wuivend Riet'. The title is Dutch and means "wehendes Schilf" in German ('wind-blown reeds'). On 25 April 1987 Johannes Schmoelling gave his first and at the same time last live concert in his era after Tangerine Dream in the Cologne college of music. The concert was organized by Winfrid Trenkler (who hosted the weekly cult radio shows "Rock In" and "Schwingungen") in co-operation with the WDR under the slogan "Million bits in Concert". Performing artists were Johannes Schmoelling, Kristian Schultze ('Passport', 'Snowball', 'Cusco'), Matthias Thurow ('Eulenspygel') as well as the Austrian duo Bognermayer / Zuschrader ('Eela Craig', 'Blue Chip Orchestra'), who were all under contract with the Erdenklang label. They presented their music and supported each other mutually on the stage. Johannes worked again for the theatre ('Mother and Sons' by Javier Tomeo, 'Sanftwut und der Ohrenmaschinist' ('gentle rage and the ear machinist') by Gerd Jonke and 'Kunst' ('art') by Jasmina Reza) and composed the music to a few television productions such as for the German ZDF TV series 'Ein Starkes Team'. From October 1985 to the beginning of 1986 Tangerine Dream were a duo again. Edgar and Christopher composed some tracks during this time, of which four can be found on CD no. 5 of 'The Dream Roots Collection', which came out in 1996. The new man with Tangerine Dream was Paul Haslinger and came from Austria. He studied among other things classical music at academies in Salzburg and Vienna. He laid the foundations of his career as a professional studio and live musician in various Austrian bands such as Hypersax, Mo, and Eela Craig. For the '86 tour Tangerine Dream got Paul to support them on stage. Since his co-operation worked well during the live concerts, they decided to accept Paul as a permanent member in the band. In March 1986 they toured in Europe, where they give 21 concerts. The only appearance on German ground took place on 29 March 1986 as guests on the radio show "Nachtmusik" in the Sendesaal of Cologne (literally 'transmission hall') The LP 'Underwater Sunlight' was released as the first work of the newly-formed trio in 1986, to which Paul contributed little composing however. The very melodic music along with its warm sounds makes this record one of the most beautiful Tangerine Dream has brought out. According to press reviews the music sounds "as if you are floating in clear, warm waters to discover completely new dimensions of light and space". Between 30 May and 29 June 1986 Tangerine Dream toured North America again where they gave 25 performances. Whereas earlier concerts consisted of pure improvisations and unreleased material, they now played music which had already been released, however in a modified form. The tracks are selected in such a way that they run smoothly into one another or 'bridges' were put between the tracks which led to compostions which lasted for over one hour of continuous music. Tangerine Dream become genuine Cosmopolitans. For production of their albums they travel between Berlin, Vienna and Los Angeles. In 1987 a whole bunch of soundtrack albums appeared, for example on the album to the film 'Three O'Clock High' (German titles: 'Faustrecht - Terror an der Highschool' ('Law of the Jungle - Terror in Highschool')), not all tracks are by Tangerine Dream however. Of the 22 very short pieces (between 0:25 and 6:00 minutes) only 15 were by Tangerine Dream, of which the longest track lasts 3:03 minutes. For the soundtrack to Andrei Konchalovsky's family epic 'Shy People', as before with Firestarter, they co-operated with an orchestral group. On the CD are (among others) three tracks which are sung by Jaquie Virgil or Diamond Ross. The music and lyrics come however from Tangerine Dream. Particularly the title 'Dancing on A White Moon', which was brought out also as single, had enough potential to become a hit single. With the production 'Tyger' Tangerine Dream again dared to experiment. As with the LP Cyclone ten years before, they included the use of vocals. The American Soul singer Jocelyn B. Smith took over the singing parts on some of the tracks. The song lyrics came from the English poet and painter William Blake (1757-1827). The vocals and instrumental harmonies were outstanding. On the track 'London' Jocelyn's spoken lyrics are reminiscent of the female multimedia artist and singer Laurie Anderson. Tangerine Dream also composed the film music to a horror film, Kathryn Bigelow's 'Near Dark'. The co-operation with Kathryn (who was regarded as being difficult to work with) worked well, since Tangerine Dream had the good fortune to offer her exactly what she wanted to hear right from the beginning. Edgar: "Actually she tried to avoid making a typical genre film and therefore wanted the music not to sound like that of a typcial horror movie. She wanted to have something contradictional, which in addition, should not necessarily sound electronic. People have the wrong image of what we do on this point. They always think "there are 120 computers on the wall and all we have to do is flick switches back and forth". In reality this is only one third of the whole production process. The rest is just normal aucoustic equipment." On the record is the track 'Caleb's Blues', which for Tangerine Dream is nevertheless very unusual. Kathryn Bigelow originally thought of including a blues track for the opening sequence, but wasn't quite sure about it. She feared it could be regarded as "kitsch". But according to Edgar anything else would just not work. Also in 1987 a video film with breath-taking nature scenes was released to which Tangerine Dream contributed the soundtrack. Under the title 'Canyon Dreams' both a video and a CD appeared on the American label Miramar. So far unseen aerial pictures which were taken from an aircraft during a flight over and through the Grand Canyon (during the flight the camera moves from horizontal to vertical points of view - directly onto the ground of the Canyon), in connection with the music made this video an audiovisual feast. On this CD the name Jerome Froese as a composer appeared for the first time with the track 'Colorado Dawn'. The music brought them their first Grammy nomination. The material, which Tangerine Dream recorded during their concerts in 1986/1987, appeared in 1988 on the Live album 'Livemiles' which was the last production for the Jive Electro label. The well over 30 minute part one was recorded during the concert in Albuquerque in New Mexico and part two (27+ minutes long) at an open air Festival in the context of the 750th anniversary of the city of Berlin. The appearance at Platz der Republik ('Republic Square') in west Berlin (under the slogan 'Rock Salute') remains for many fans probably one of the best concerts that Tangerine Dream gave in their career, it also unfortunately represented the last appearance of Christopher Franke. The WDR later broadcast the entire concert as part of their 'Schwingungen' show. With the exception of 'Livemiles part two' it has only been available as a bootleg so far. Regarding 'LiveMiles' it has to be said however that contrary to the bootleg recording it does not correspond to the original concert in Berlin. For legal reasons Tangerine Dream could not release the whole concert, but had to cut out some sections due to legal reasons. As Edgar explained in a 1989 interview: "not only unreleased material was played during the live concerts. As we often do, things were also played which appeared as parts of official releases. Music which sometimes has been locked away in the safes of the film production companies, partially on records, which are difficult to obtain, etc. For the release of LiveMiles we had to use certain sequences and sections which were legally available to us. We had to make a lot of compromises. In this case we were particularly sad about it because there was so much atmosphere here which we wanted to put on record. But we had to cut bits out, change sequences and do remixes in order to remain within the legal framework." Christopher, Edgar's musical collaborator for many years, left Tangerine Dream the day after the concert in Berlin, on 2 August 1987. He separated from Tangerine Dream in 1987, because he wanted to regain his non-existant private life and new musical forces due to constant work. He was completely burned out due to the 12- to 15-hour daily job and had to force himself to make music. Christopher went to Spain and took a well-earned break from everything. "A few weeks holiday wasn't enough for me. After three weeks I had only relaxed physically to a certain extent. Psychologically I needed much longer. It was clear to me that this creative break had to last at least a year. I planned to take it during the period which one normally needs in order to obtain a work permit in America. I planned my solo career." Christopher showed his first musical signs of life on a sampler, which was published for the ten-year anniversary of the 'Stichting KLEM' in a limited edition of 1000 copies on the 89 KLEMDag CD. This Dutch fan club originally developed from a Klaus Schulze and Tangerine Dream fan club. The CD contains nine tracks by various electronic music artists. It begins with the track 'Vermillion Sands' by Christopher Franke which was composed especially for this sampler. Track four is 'Unikat', composed by the former Tangerine Dream member and 'electronic pioneer' Klaus Schulze. The CD ends with the title 'Lost Tale' by Tangerine Dream, which until now hasn't appeared on any Tangerine Dream album. In November 1990 Christopher Franke obtained his green card and built himself a second studio in Los Angeles, since he already had a lot of contacts in the Hollywood film business. He founded the Berlin Symphonic Film Orchestra (BSFO) in January 1991 to realize his musical conceptions of an equivalent symbiosis of electronic and acoustic elements. After his break he was fresh again and making music made him happy again. In fact, the more he made music, the better he felt. This can be heard on his first solo production 'Pacific Coast Highway'. The production 'Optical Race', which first appeared in September 1988 in the USA and later in January 1989 in Germany was composed and performed by Froese and Haslinger, received mixed response from the fans. Many who had followed the band faithfully throughout years could not identify themselves with the style and longed for the sounds of the 70's. For them the record sounded too computerised and commercial. The title track, which came out as single, sounds very simplistic and commercial in my judgement, however there are some real gems such as 'Mothers of Rain', 'Cat Scan', 'The Midnight Trail' or 'Ghazal' on this CD. Tangerine Dream however (against all critics) always made music which they considered to be right and did not care about what the fans and critics wanted to hear. They were never influenced (at least not consciously) by any fashions. On the album Ralph Wadephul can be heard for the first time. The track 'Sun Gate' is by Ralph, Edgar and Paul. The CD was the first production out of a total of four (plus a best of album), which appeared on Peter Baumann's label Private Music. Tangerine Dream co-operated with Peter again, since his way of working pleased them and the label was already successful. The title of the CD is again a play on words from Tangerine Dream. Race means not only "to run", but can also be translated as race or generation. The term "Optical Race" defines the end of the 80's and also the generation of western mankind. On the 26-concert North American tour, which Tangerine Dream performed in August and September 1988, they were accompanied by Ralph Wadephul. Ralph was already a Sound Engineer in Berlin. With his work in a recording studio he produced some music for commercials. Besides this he played in various bands and appeared live in clubs. The marriage between Tangerine Dream and Wadephul did not last for long however. Nothing more was to be seen or heard of him after the tour. They wrote the music to the film 'Miracle Mile' ('Nacht der Entscheidung', literally 'night of decision'), which describes the night before a possible nuclear disaster. The CD of the same name appeared in 1989. In the same year they released a soundtrack, which they made for the film 'Destination Berlin'. As the name suggests it is a movie about the city of Berlin. The music was composed especially in panoramic sound for the Imagine 360 video system. The track 'Alexander Square', which is on this album, also appeared as a single. The next piece of work was called 'Lily on The Beach'. Besides Edgar and Paul, Hubert Waldner on saxophone and flute as well as Jerome Froese participated for the first time as guest musicians on this production. Jerome played lead guitar on the track 'Radio City'. After the music of the album was already finished, Edgar and Paul were of the opinion that a certain touch was missing on their production. They wanted to add real drums or wind instruments. Paul suggested his old friend Hubert Waldner. Edgar, who already found favour for years with the sound of the saxophone agreed to the suggestion. 1990 began with the release of the soundtrack to the sports film 'Dead Solid Perfect' (a film about golf) by Bobby Roth, who also directed the film 'Heartbreakers'. Randy Quaid was in the leading role. The soundtrack consisted of 22 very short tracks. Those soundtrack recordings authorized by Tangerine Dream were partly re-recorded to obtain listenable tracks from the musical extracts. TD were very sceptical about those record labels who released their music straight from the master tapes without further post production. Edgar in addition in an interview in 1994: "soundtracks are composed for a film or for a television programme and do not necessarily belong on a record for specific reasons. This is mostly 'illustration' music with sequences of 20 seconds, 1 minute 30, 1 minute 10 etc. Who would pay 30.00 DM to listen to short sound extracts? We think it's idiotic. People release the music behind our backs in breach of copyright laws in a way which we just can't accept. As a result last year we had to cope more with the prevention of such products, than with potential releases." At the beginning of 1990 Edgar Froese was looking for a saxophone player, since he wanted to introduce new things into the music. Friends in Vienna recommended Linda Spa. During the only German concert on 20 February 1990 in the Berlin Werner-Seelenbinder-Halle, she appeared for the first time beside the saxophonist Hubert Waldner in front of approximately 6,000 spectators. Linda was born on 4 September 1968 in Vienna. Already at the age of six she had taken up classical piano lessons. She used the piano, which was located in her parent's dressmaking room, for her daily exercises. Her audience at the time consisted of her parents' customers. At the age of 15 she began to study fashion design. At the same time she discovered her interest in the saxophone. Since her parents were not delighted by the choice of instrument because in their view it was "not very feminine", she started playing the clarinet. However when she turned 17 she nevertheless bought a saxophone and found that she had a real talent for the instrument. When she was 19 Linda left the model business behind her and began to study music at the Viennese school of music. When Edgar spoke to her, she had in the meantime begun a second career as a model for perfume and cosmetic products. Linda accompanied the band in numerous future concerts and was involved in seven studio and live recordings. This concert in the Werner-Seelenbinder-Halle was also the first for Jerome with Tangerine Dream. At first it was planned that he should only play a few guitar parts. But during the rehearsals some keyboard parts were added. At the time it wasn't planned that Jerome should join TD. Edgar wanted to leave it to his son to come into the band. So the duo Froese / Haslinger became a trio again, since Jerome Froese had become a permanent member of the group. Jerome, who at first only learned to play drums (he got his first drumset at the age of 17) changed to the guitar and finally came to the keyboard. The first CD of this formation was 'Melrose'. Jerome brought fresh air into the bands' music which did not meet with all the fans' approval. His influence could not yet be heard very clearly on this record, however it became recognizable on the following albums 'Rockoon' and 'Tyranny of Beauty'. A video was produced for the title track 'Melrose' (which was shown on the ONYX TV channel) which begins with Edgar, Jerome and Paul riding their bicycles in the desert, then it changes to Edgar, Jerome and Linda playing characters in silent movie scenes. The CD cover photo was also taken during the photo sessions in the desert. About the relation father/son and musician Edgar said in an interview in 1997: "one must draw a clear line between the biological and purely musical, compositional things. From my point of view I did not take my son into the group. I would never have done this because at the moment it does not interest me that he is my son. He is of great importance to me - of course - and we did everything to give him a good start in life. He can of course do what he thinks is best for his life. There was no pressure from my part to ask him to join TD only because he is my son or because it may have been a good marketing strategy if we would present ourselves as a 'family business'. He would have been completely useless in Tangerine Dream if he hadn't convinced me musically and shown good results. He is a good musician, and that is what counts in a group." From 25 October to 04 November 1990 Tangerine Dream went on tour in Britain, which took them to eleven cities altogether. At the end of 1990 Paul Haslinger left the group and returned to his homeland Austria. At first Paul created himself his own recording studio due to the technical experience he achieved with Tangerine Dream. He called it The Assembly Room. After leaving TD Paul Haslinger and Peter Baumann worked together on a project called "The Blue Room". The material was never released however. Starting in 1994 Paul concerned himself more with his solo career and released his first solo album entitled 'Future Primitive'. Nothing about the music is reminiscent of his work with Tangerine Dream. He tried completely new ways to go, in that he experimented with several sounds and music styles. He combines ethnic styles with vocal samples and unheard musical structures with pop rhythms. The soundtrack to the film 'The Park Is Mine', already released in 1985 (German title: 'Herrscher des Central Parks', literally 'Ruler of Central Park') with Tommy Lee Jones in the starring role ('On the run', 'Volcano'), appeared in 1991. However the music to this film had already been composed by Tangerine Dream in 1984, being based on parts of the Poland tour, which were found on the album 'Poland'. Another soundtrack appeared in 1991. It was the film music to one of Gunther Wallraff's books titled 'The Man Inside' or 'L'Affaire Wallraff'. Directed by Bobby Roth, Peter Coyote and Juergen Prochnow are in the starring roles. German television once again asked Tangerine Dream to write some film music to the Schimanski-Tatort crime series. The episode was called 'Bis zum Hals im Dreck' ('Up to your neck in dirt'). The result, which Edgar and Jerome composed, is the Chi Coltrane single 'I Just Want to Rule My Own Life Without You'. The single, on which Tangerine Dream are are only mentioned as composers on the inner sleeve, contains three tracks. The title track is sung by Chi Coltrane and there is also an instrumental version of the track. With the instrumental version the Saxophonist Linda Spa appears on CD for the first time. The third title on the single is called 'One Night in Medina'. In 1991 the fairy tale CD 'Rumpelstiltskin' appeared, to which Tangerine Dream wrote the music. The famous actress Kathleen Turner (Romancing the stone, War of the Roses) tells the Rumpelstiltskin story which is accompanied by Tangerine Dream's music. The approximately 22 minute narration forms track one of the CD which is only available as an import. Then follow seven instrumental tracks by Tangerine Dream which served as background music for the story. For film connoisseurs who only knew Kathleen's dubbed German voice, this track was already hard to get used to. In 1992 for the termination of the co-operation between Peter Baumann's label and Tangerine Dream the best of CD 'The Private Music of Tangerine Dream' was released. Besides ten tracks from the albums 'Optical Race', 'Miracle Mile', 'Lily on The Beach' and 'Melrose' released on the label, the unreleased tracks 'Beaver Town' and 'Roaring of The Bliss' appear on this CD. The next CD was called Rockoon on which Jerome's influences are easy to recognize. The tracks became harder and faster. Also the electric guitar is played more agressively. Edgar defines their music as "a kind of 'city sound', electronics including guitar and saxophone parts." Guest musicians were Zlatko Perica (lead guitar), Richi Wester (saxophone) as well as Enrico Fernandez (macubaha). Linda Spa was not involved in the recording sessions since she was not in Europe at the time. Jayney Klimek added background vocals on the instrumental tracks. Edgar: "no lyrics can be heard on the acoustic sections, but there is vocal experimentation here and there. We also integrated other musical elements, for example sounds from the South Pacific, but in a very surrealistic way. For us it was great fun." The album was nominated for a Grammy in 1992 in the category 'best new age album'. The title track appeared as a special edition single. Besides Rockoon, the CD contains the track 'Oriental Haze', again with Linda Spa on the saxophone, and a 14 minute interview, in which Joanne Davenport interviews Edgar Froese. The label Silva Screen released the soundtrack to the American television film 'Deadly Care, which was first shown in March 1987. For the members of the Tangerine Dream International Fan Club they brought out the CD 'Quinoa'. It contains the 28 minute title track which was recorded at "The Cave" in Berlin. The CD was a limited edition of 1000 copies and was made available exclusively to the members of the fan club free of charge. The cover is white with black and red symbols and is subtitled 'A Tangerine Dream Fan Club release for members only'. The remaining copies were sold during the '97 tour. Tangerine Dream also brought out an official CD with the title Quinoa in 1998 which contained two extra tracks. In 1993 another live album appeared by Tangerine Dream named "220 Volt Live", it was taken from the '92 North American tour during performances in Seattle, New York and Washington. Edgar and Jerome appeared on stage with Zlatko Perica (guitar) and Linda Spa (saxophone and keyboard) supporting. Linda and Zlatko were not permanent, but as Edgar once said 'associated' members of Tangerine Dream. One reason for this was that Linda lived in Vienna and Zlatko in Zurich. They were integrated into the group on a project-related basis. Originally the drummer and percussionist Klaus Krieger, who had already been involved with 'Cyclone' and 'Force Majeure', should have joined them for the '92 tour. But during the rehearsals which lasted several weeks TD came to the conclusion that it would be wiser to go on the tour without him. "Powerful and dynamic with sharp guitars and driving saxophone solos" ('The New Times') TD promised to be "a celebration for designers of the digital sound" ('The Boston Phoenix'). Tangerine Dream has never before been heard as hard as on this tour. There is only new material on this CD. It was at first only available as a US import, however it came out approximately six months later as an official German record. With this album they received a Grammy nomination for the third time. On the album is a remake of the Jimi Hendrix track 'Purple Haze', which they played on the tour as an encore. The title was not purely a tribute to Hendrix. Edgar: "What really interested me was what was behind the musician and person Jimi Hendrix, who for me was always a sad person and still is. Because what he achieved musically was clearly visible beyond all this star behaviour. We also chose the piece 'Purple Haze' because it suited this type of instrumental interpretation well." The single Dreamtime was taken from the album. It contains the title track in a sung and instrumental version. The singer Jayney Klimek (who formed the band 'The Other Ones' together with her brothers Alf (singer on the first Spliff LP 'Spliff Radio Show'), Johnny Klimek as well as three other musicians) took over the singing part with Dreamtime. The band had a hit in 1986 with the track 'Holiday'. The co-operation with Jayney Klimek can be traced back to an Austrian vacation where Tangerine Dream met the friendly singer by accident, whilst they were concerned with the recording of some music. Jayney wrote the lyrics to Dreamtime in a few minutes and after 1 1/2 hours production was already finished. From the CD '220 Volt Live' Miramar released the video 'Three Phase - Past, Present, Future' which was produced by Michael Boydstun. The video however did not feature the entire concert. As well as five tracks which were taken from the concert on 25 October 1992 in the Paramount Theatre in Seattle, also video clips and older material are on the video, such as 'Phaedra' and 'Logos'. The video clips consisted partially of old black & white clips from the 20's and 30's as well as private film documentaries, which were filmed on trips and during concerts. The idea for the video came from the American label Miramar. They had to work on the group for a few months before Tangerine Dream finally agreed to the project. Edgar in addition in the ORB: "the concept of the group is not this video thing neither the glorification of its members, that isn't our purpose at all." In 1994 the soundtrack to the Stephen Sommers film 'Catch Me If You Can' appeared. The studio album in 1994 was called 'Turn of the Tides'. Jerome's influence became even clearer on this album, on which the guitarist Zlatko Perica and the saxophonist Linda Spa were brought in. Track composing and developing musical ideas already started during the '92 North American tour. Edgar in addition in the ORB: "That was actually the longest time we had ever spent making a record. With a few short breaks of two or three weeks we worked on it for nine months, then we did the main work here in Vienna and in Berlin." Tangerine Dream had rarely sounded so aggressive and open to different styles. The magazine 'Billboard' judged: "an album rich with exotic sounds and vibrating rhythms." "Without neglecting the cosmic elements they have again dedicated themselves more strongly towards traditional rock music" ('Stereo'). 'Turn of the Tides' was also nominated for a Grammy in 1994 in the category 'Best New Age album'. In the booklet of this CD is an extract from the short story 'The Coachman's Tales'. Edgar, who studied philosophy for a few years, wrote the story. Not the study, but the fact that he always kept asking himself questions for which there were no real answers lead to these simple philosophical observations. He also likes to be ironic and particulary likes those writers who "pretend to say something interesting and who then turn around just to say "I didn"t mean it!" Edgar stresses however that he is not interested in publishing a book! A CD single of 'Turn of the Tides' appeared, which contains an unreleased track called 'Story of the Brave' as well as four partial tracks from the album as shortened versions. In 1994 Virgin published a box with five CDs called 'Tangents 1973 - 1983'. On the first four CDs are tracks from the Virgin decade, which Edgar remixed and remastered for this release. CD no. 5 consists of ten so far unreleased tracks (NOT TRUE! SOME WERE MADE AVAILABLE IN 2000 ON 'IBOX') with a playing time between 3:18 and 12:50 minutes. A very extravagant booklet is contained in the box. As well as magnificent computer graphics it also contains information about the band in English. Edgar Froese released the double CD 'Beyond The Storm'. On it are 13 remastered older tracks as well as 15 new ones. In 1995 the critics commented on 'Tyranny of Beauty' by saying "Very trivial and harmless synthesizer tunes ('Music Express'). On this CD is a new 5 minute version of 'Stratosfear' under the title 'Stratosfear 1995'. The album finishes with the track 'Largo', a composition by the German composer George Friedrich Haendel (1685-1759). With this album they obtained their fifth Grammy nomination. A Grammy has been denied them so far however. The CD 'Tyranny of Beauty' represents a comment on the fashion industry and the hype which is made around the model business, which the title of the track 'Catwalk' refers to. With the whole project they wanted to make it clear that it is not normal to make such a fuss around humans only because "they were born into this world with two pretty ears". Originally they had planned to picture a Barbie doll on the CD cover. That was not possible however for legal reasons. For this reason an Egyptian cover design was used instead. By invitation they played at a fashion show in Los Angeles. As a joke Linda Spa went down the catwalk playing her saxophone in a wedding dress. The band had a lot of fun at this rather crazed out event. The organizer payed a huge amount of money for them. Tangerine Dream had flown to L A. for their 40 minute appearance with all their equipment! The CD 'The Dream Mixes' came out in 1995 on the Virgin label. On this CD Edgar and Jerome remixed six tracks from their albums Rockoon, 'Turn of the Tides' and 'Tyranny of Beauty' as harder, more modern versions with techno rhythms. The CD contains four further new pieces as well as the remixes and has a duration of 67 minutes. A further version of the CD appeared on their own label TDI as a double CD with a different cover and a running time of 108 minutes. Here the contents of the first CD is identical to the Virgin release. CD no. 2 has four new remixes and the new tracks 'Iowa' and 'Sojus'. At that time Tangerine Dream didn't like to remix their own tracks. Jerome added: "we have many offers to remix dance hits or requests from other DJ's to allow them to remix TD songs" and Edgar: "that is like Tangerine Dream and "Aldi" (***Aldi is a German supermarket where only "poor" people shop because it's very cheap***), like a scratched record. Everything gets lost which is important in our music" In addition to the CD a 60 minute video appeared in 1996 with the title 'The Video Dream Mixes'. It contained nine tracks from the TDI version. All of the eight video clips (the ninth song is played during the credits), show Edgar, Jerome and Linda. Some clips seem like holiday snapshots which were alienated by different effects. With the track 'Changes of the Gods' computer animations can be seen which were used extensively in their shows on the '97 European tour. The soundtrack 'Zoning' from the video film of the same name came out only in Germany in 1996. A further box with five CDs appeared on the label Castle Communications under the title 'The Dream Roots Collection'. This time on CDs 1 to 4 tracks from the years 1970-1973 and 1983-1987 were re-released as re-mastered versions. CD no 5 again consisted of new material (four tracks between 9 and 15 minutes). The enclosed booklet contains 95 very beautiful photos as well as some comments about the band's history from between 1967 (the first band line-up) and 1990. On their '96 European tour a CD single came out, which was limited to 2000 copies. The CD entitled 'Shepherds Bush' contains the tracks 'Thief Yang and The Tangram Seal' as well as a remake of the old Beatles classic 'Eleanor Rigby'. They had already been playing remakes of rock and pop classics in their live concerts for a number of years (e.g. Eleanor Rigby, House of the Rising Sun, Purple Haze) The next album which came out in 1996 was called 'Goblins Club'. On this record which also represented Linda's last production with Tangerine Dream, they co-operated with the Viennese Boys choir, which is not to be confused with the "Wiener Sängerknaben". In the booklet of this CD is a text by the German writer Christian Morgenstern (1871-1914). Some of the tunes Tangerine Dream have composed in the course of their existence were based on works by famous writers. The short story which is printed in the booklet fell into their hands. Since they liked the text (which was written with a 'sharp tongue'), they decided to use it. Linda separated from Edgar and Jerome at the beginning of of 1997. Tangerine Dream decided to initiate another change. Edgar said in an interview in 1997: "With this another chapter of Tangerine Dream has ended, which I would call 'symphonic' work although this term is of course a bit misleading. For example certain solo intruments are in the past now such as the saxophone. So she will never play saxophone with us again, and also several other things will disappear. Many new elements will be added. Therefore we separated at the right time. She is now pursuing her own musical career and we must move on somewhere else." The Australian CD version appeared on the TDI label on which the eleventh track 'Elf June and The Midnight Patrol' was replaced by 'Fort Worth Runway One', which was co-written by Linda. Linda's name is neither mentioned, nor can she be seen in the photos of the booklet. Edgar always held the opinion that musical co-operation with other musicians wasn't meant to last forever. The musicians who worked with him also knew this. Edgar: "We have worked with people for between 6 months or 6 years. I worked with Christopher Franke for 16 years. There are always time intervals where one notices that something new has to happen within Tangerine Dream. We must get off the large road, leave the motorway as we used to call it. Back on the path again. We want to get back to our roots again. We are not primarily a commercial group, many people who always try to label us as being commercial forget this." In 1997 Tangerine Dream went on an extended world tour, which took them to Germany again after 14 years of absence (with the exception of a few one-off concerts). This absence resulted from complications with the German organizers. Tangerine Dream appeared among other places in Berlin, Bonn, Hanover, Hamburg and Frankfurt. The program of the European section of the tour was divided into two sets. The first section covered tracks taken from 80's albums such as 'Thief', 'Poland', 'Exit', 'Underwater Sunlight' and 'Le Parc'. Set two consisted of tracks from the newer albums 'Turn of the Tides', 'Dream Mixes', 'Rockoon' and 'Goblins Club'. Edgar and Jerome were again accompanied on this tour by Zlatko Perica on guitar. To enrich the acoustics and visual aspects they took on the percussionist Emil Hachfeld. On the stage he is standing and is surrounded by his battery of drums and is beating them like someone possessed. On 18 April 1997 they gave a concert in Frankfurt, which was broadcast world-wide via Real Audio on the Internet (***THIS BROADCAST WAS OF UNSATISFACTORY QUALITY DUE TO TECHNICAL PROBLEMS***). For myself who had watched the concert in Bonn the previous week this brought back good memories. For visual support live pictures were broadcast at certain time intervals. The time between the pictures (approximately 5 minutes) was rather long and the selection of the pictures not very earth-shattering, however it was an interesting experience. As a gag one could submit a guestbook entry on the internet homepage of Tangerine Dream to give instant feedback whilst listening to the show. Many fans from all over the world took advantage of this opportunity. On this tour they sold the CD single 'Limited World Tour Edition 1997' which was limited to 5,000 copies. It contained 2 new remixes of the track 'Das Mädchen auf der Treppe' ('the girl on the stairs') as well as the track 'Order of the Ginger Guild'. The music to the approximately 45 minute landscape film 'Oasis' appeared on the album of the same name on TDI as well as the video film on Camera One. The video shows (similarly to Canyon Dreams) wonderful landscape scenes to which Tangerine Dream wrote 'atmospheric' music. The track 'Towards The Evening Star' from the album 'Goblins Club' came out as a remix by the well-known Techno / Trance band 'The Orb' on a CD single. The CD contains the original album track as well as the over 8 minute 'Madarine Cream Mix'. For the purpose of the remixes Tangerine Dream gave them the multi-track tapes. Edgar and Jerome were however disappointed with the result. According to them the result was nothing like Tangerine Dream's music. Beside the club mix there also exists a radio edit by The Orb which represented a short version of the mix. While Tangerine Dream gave their approval for the club mix they forbade the release of the radio edits. Tangerine Dream hadn't met the Orb before and never discussed how to do the remixing, so this may be the reason why they didn't like it. The second set of the '97 world tour was released as the Live CD 'Tournado'. The recording was taken from the concert on 23 April 1997 in the Dome Muziki i Tanca in the Polish town of Zabrze. A very unusual CD appeared under the title 'Ambient Monkeys'. It contained a 48 minute track, which consisted of 13 parts. Apart from new TD compositions, sections of works by George Friedrich Haendel, Johann Sebastian Bach and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart are incorporated into the compositions. The music is supported all the way through from the first minute to the end by jungle noises (ape cries, bird voices, sound of driving locomotives, etc.). The music was composed as pre-concert background music to the '97 European tour and was heard at some of the appearances. On 1 February 1998 Jerome Froese guested on Radio Eins on the programme 'Electrobeats' with the presenter Olaf Zimmermann and had some rare tracks in his bag. During the 3rd hour of this show alternative and live versions of 'Warsaw in The Sun', 'Ride on the Ray' and 'Girl on the Stairs' were played. Also one track was to be heard for the first time here, a 20 minute (NOT TRUE! ONLY 4.49!) extract from a 1990 Japanese NHK-TV film with the name 'Mandala' which Tangerine Dream composed the music for. The music has not been released to date. Another goodie on this programme/broadcast was the track 'Unicorn Theme' from the film 'Legend'. It was sung by Susanne Pawlitzki ('Insisters') (the well known singer Jon Anderson sang the song in the film version). Due to accent problems the singing part was not chosen by Universal Film Studios. At the very end the track 'Electrofog' from the 1980 live concert at the Dresden Hygienemuseum was played. Those who were not lucky enough to be able to receive the broadcast had to search for a CD-R bootleg version. The year 1998 saw a whole set of releases on the TDI label. The CD 'Dream Encores' contained live material from the years 1986 to 1997, which they played on North American and European tours as encores. 'Quinoa' appeared for the 2nd time on CD, but apart from the title track the tracks 'Voxel Ux' and 'Lhasa' can be found. 'Voxel Ux' is a piece which had already been composed in 1996 and which was the first prize in a competition which took place on the official homepage of Tangerine Dream. There existed only one single with this title, which the winner got at the time (***IT WAS DAMAGED IN THE POST!***). The second part of the Dream Mixes came out under the title 'TimeSquare'. Apart from the track 'Towards The Evening Star', which can be found as the 'Blue Gravity Mix', the CD contained six new tracks. The video 'Luminous Visions' was only available as an import , which came out on Sony Music Entertainment and TDI as part of the series 'Odyssey: The Mind's Eye Presents'. Since it was produced for the American market, it was available only in the video format NTSC (***NOT TRUE! ALSO AVAILABLE AS VHS PAL, DVD AND LASERDISC!***). The video consists of computer animations created by the computer artist Yoichiro Kawaguchi, who created fascinating and abstract pictures. Tangerine Dream supplied the soundtrack to the animations. The songs are not new however except for 'Midwinter Night', but come from the albums 'The Dream Mixes' and 'Oasis'. A 'free' CD with the individual tracks is enclosed with the limited edition. While the video has a running time of only 43 minutes, the CD is approximately 75 minutes long. Since with music composed for films there very often is material left over which was not used by the Producers and Directors, Tangerine Dream gathered together some unused material. The best tracks appeared in 1998 on the two CDs 'Hollywood Years volumes I and II'. Which films the individual titles were originally composed for is not mentioned in the booklets. Among the altogether 30 tracks is the song 'Rose of Babylon', which is sung by Vicky McClure. Tangerine Dream wrote the film music for a documentary about the Russian Sibarian Express. This music appeared under the title 'Transsiberia' on CD. The CD 'Valentine Wheels' represented another live performance and contained the first set of the '97 tour which was recorded during the London Shepherds Bush Empire concert. Originally this CD was released as as part of a set called the 'Holiday Season Booster' in Christmas of 1998 including this CD, a t-shirt, a sticker as well as a postcard autographed by Edgar and Jerome. The CD then came out in 1999 as a separate item. On 12 June 1999 the only Tangerine Dream concert of the year took place at the KlangArt Festival in Osnabrueck. Edgar welcomed visitors from the whole world who had travelled to this unique concert. A fan from the USA had come the furthest. With this appearance completely new material was performed live for the first time in years. Under the slogan 'Mars Polaris' the NASA Mars Polar Lander mission was put into musical context. The Percussionist Emil Hachfeld, who had already appeared on the '97 tour, provided the appropriate rhythms for this concert. As well as him the band was also supported by the guitarist Gerald Gradwohl. The backdrop behind the musicians consisted of an enormous canvas, on which a film was shown during the concert, which likewise represented the Mars mission. Beside original shots of rocket launches and space travel projects also numerous computer animations were to be seen. After the concert Jerome acted as DJ at the KlangArt party which took place in the Lagerhalle in Osnabrück. On the same day a 71 minute CD appeared entitled 'Mars Polaris' with contained the music of the concert as a studio recording. Those who saw the concert will acknowledge that the live version was much more powerful compared to the studio release due to Emil's and Gerald's contributions. The 'Musik Express' wrote: "the ten new compositions don't sound cosmic, but rather old and familiar. Some music on 'Mars Polaris' is reminiscent of '80s Tangerine Dream from albums such as 'Poland', 'Le Parc' or 'Logos'. But once you get into the album you will recognize that the music is not only extremely carefully produced but can also sound very complex, mulifaceted and interweaving" Also sold on the day of the concert was the new CD 'Sohoman' appearing on the TDI label. It contains a 43 minute extract of the live concert on 22 Feb 1982 in Sydney's Regent Theatre. The CD represented the first release in the 'Tangerine Dream Classic Edition' series. Further releases of older concerts were to follow. The album 'What a Blast' (subtitled: 'Architecture in Motion') represented a soundtrack to a film about collapsing multistorey buildings. The film appeared on video in the USA entitled 'What A Blast! Architecture in Motion'. Tangerine Dream created the soundtrack to a film about the Great Wall of China. The music appears on the CD 'Great Wall of China'. In the new millennium the albums 'Soundmill Navigator' and 'Antique Dreams' will appear as new releases. A further release is the CD 'The Seven Letters From Tibet'. On it calmly floating sphere sounds are to be heard. Tangerine Dream can be called the forerunners of today's music scene. With their search for new ways and experiments with new techniques they became (besides Klaus Schulze and Kraftwerk) the main influence for musical directions such as Techno, Trance, Ambient etc. The tangerine continues to dream, and none can foresee at present how long these dreams will continue. Jerome has trained himself in such a way that he could also take over this project in case Edgar plans to retire from producing music with TD. Note: The Discography 'Voices in The Dunes' by Rolf Sonnemann, Peter Stoeferle and Matt Hargreaves from the year 1991 offers an extensive list of world-wide releases. Also the homepage of Rainer Rutka (http://www.rutka.de/td) offers a wealth of information with cover scans (also lots of rare material). The following sources were consulted for this Story: articles from the magazines * Musik Express * Rolling Stone * Sounds * Rock dictionaries * the article "Between Berlin and Hollywood" * the book "Voices in The Dunes" * texts from the record sleeves * the Internet pages of the musicians * as well as various interviews (radio, fan magazines). Folgenden Quellen wurden für diese Story herangezogen: Artikel der Zeitschriften Musik Express Rolling Stone Sounds Rocklexika dem Artikel Zwischen Berlin und Hollywood das Buch Voices In The Dunes Texte aus den Plattencovern den Internetseiten der Musiker sowie diverse Interviews (Radio, Fanmagazine). Weitere Informationen können auch den folgenden Internetseiten entnommen werden: Tangerine Dream: Http://www.tdi-music-mall.de/mainmenu.html Informationen über die Neu- bzw. Wiederveröffentlichungen Hier kann man sich auch Auszüge zu einzelnen Stücken anhören. http://www.tangerinedream.de/ Christopher Franke: http://www.sonicimages.com Paul Haslinger: http://www.haslinger.com/ Johannes Schmoelling: http://members.tripod.de/Theta/html/index.htm Stephan Schelle (Seiten zur elektronischen Musik und zu Grobschnitt): http://www.stephan-schelle.de Fotos: Aus oben genannten Quellen, Monique Froese, Jim Rakete, Rita Mitzkatis, sowie dem German Rock e.V. Archiv/Sammlung Wolfgang Pokall Tangerine Dream blicken auf eine mehr als 30jährige Bandkarriere zurück. Im Rahmen dieser Story ist es daher lediglich möglich die Geschichte dieser Gruppe nur ansatzweise wiederzugeben. Der Text wurde an Edgar Froese weitergeleitet. Die wesentlichen Punkte wurden von ihm persönlich auf Richtigkeit geprüft. Dafür möchte ich mich an dieser Stelle recht herzlich bedanken! Mein Dank geht aber auch an Kurt Mitzkatis, der mich bei der Erstellung dieser Story tatkräftig unterstützt hat, Martin Kasprzak von TDI-Music, sowie an Torsten Möller, der mich mit Infos versorgte. [Written by Stephan Schelle. Translated by to Paul Fellows (France) and Heiko Heerssen (Germany)]

© 1998, 2003 german rock e.v.
- 4-Dezember-2000 -